Garveyites and the Back-to-Africa movement

Point of Curiosity: How many Garveyites returned to Africa and what happened to them?

I've just read the restored version of Black Boy by Richard Wright that was originally intended for publication. The version I read in the 1990s was Part 1: Southern Night, Wright's upbringing in Southern poverty and eventual migration to Chicago. This adds in ~130 pages of Part 2: The Horror and the Glory, Wright's early dealings with the Communist party in Chicago and his first successes as a writer.

Wright has two quotes in this book that made me curious about the Garveyites.

The one group I met during those exploring days whose lives enthralled me was the Garveyites, an organization of black men and women who were forlornly seeking to return to Africa.

Those Garveyites I knew could never understand why I liked them but would never follow them, and I pitied them too much to tell them that they could never achieve their goal, that Africa was owned by the imperial powers of Europe, that their lives were alien to the mores of the natives of Africa, that they were people of the West and would for ever be so until they either merged with the West or perished.

The Garveyites are named for the movement's founder, Marcus Garvey. Garvey was born in Jamaica in 1887. Among other things, Garvey founded a passenger line called Black Star Line which "promoted the return of the African diaspora to their ancestral lands."¹ It was considered one of Garvey's key contributions to the Back-to-Africa movement.

Yarmouth, the first Black Star Line ship (src)

^{Work in Progress: a Timeline of Returns to Africa}

^{For now, I'm collecting data about any returns of slaves or free people descended from slaves to their homeland or their ancestors' homeland, not just self-identified Garveyites.}

^{1815-1816 Sierra Leone}

^{Captain Paul Cuffee, a wealthy multi-racial Native American man also of Ashanti (modern Ghana) descent, and a group of Philadelphia Quakers sent 38 blacks (18 adults and 20 children of eight families) to Freetown, Sierra Leone. This included provisioning their first year upon resettlement.}

^{1855-1856 Liberia}

<sup>Reverends Moses Tichnell (Methodist3) and Samuel Rutherford Houston (Presbyterian4) freed slaves and financed their voyages to Liberia5 TBD: Details

To be continued... need to read up on the American Colonization Society (ACS) which looks like it's going to be wildly controversial, and I suspect there's going to be a whole separate interesting wonderlust rabbit hole post about the founding of Liberia. I'm embarrassed that I knew nothing about its history. And obviously more post-Civil War stuff, since my first data points are before the war.
1</sup> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Garvey
² https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement#Religious_motivations_for_colonization
³ Sayre, Ralph SAYRE FAMILY: another 100 years, Volume 4
⁴ Houston (Samuel Rutherford and Family) Papers 1781-1940 Mss. 3451
⁵ Rabbit hole: neither of these gentlemen have Wikipedia biographies. I'm going to make an effort to fix that. Rev. Houston's correspondence is archived at LSU which may or may not be a good place to start researching.